Usually when we are measuring, we would face errors such as parallex error, zero error and random errors.
Why is there parallex error? Our positioning of the eye is not parallel to the degree therefor we can't read the exact reading.
Why is there zero error? Usually this happens because of the equipments are old and spoilt. To avoid this, you gotta set it to the scale of 0 first, find the degree that is over shooting or below then after you had measured, minus and add in accordingly.
Why is there random errors? Because people are to anticipating that they estimated the wrong values. To avoid this, scientist usually measure it three times and then average it.
Equipment used for measuring length would be
Measuring tape-0 to 5m
Meter rule-0 to 1m
Vernier calipers-0 to 15cm
micrometer screw gauge-0 to 2.5cm
Vernier calipers: It can measure as exactly as 0.01cm
Micrometer screw gauge: It can measure as exactly as 0.01mm
stop watch: used to measure interval of time
Simple pendulum: Measure time for 20 oscillations
The period will be affected by the amplitude of oscillation and the mass of the bob.
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